The Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) has recently addressed the issue of the possibility of retaining traffic and location data in two of its decisions.

Business life gives birth to a variety of contracts which are not regulated by the Civil Codes in continental jurisdictions. In cases the parties conclude such a so-called “atypical contract”, it is for the judge to decide whether the default rules of a nominated contract regulated by the Civil Code can be applied in gap-filling function.